Stock assessment of Crossocheilus diplochilus (Heckel, 1838) in Dal Lake of Kashmir Himalayas

Sinan Nissar; Tabasum Yousuf; Yahya Bakhtiyar

doi:10.17017/j.fish.729

Sinan Nissar Fish Biology and Limnology, Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Tabasum Yousuf Fish Biology and Limnology, Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Yahya Bakhtiyar Fish Biology and Limnology, Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.729

Keywords: condition factor, FiSAT-II, forage fish, length-weight relationship

Abstract

The intricate dynamics governing population parameters stand as pivotal pillars in the realm of fish management and conservation. Accordingly, the various parameters of population dynamics of Crossocheilus diplochilus (Heckel, 1838) from the Dal Lake of Kashmir valley were investigated. The study reported that the fish exhibits a length range of 5.4 to 14.8 cm and a weight range of 1.24 to 17.19 g. The b value was reported to be 2.9 depicting negative allometric growth. The Fulton and relative condition factors were reported to be 0.86 and 0.99 respectively. The growth constant, asymptotic length, age at zero length and growth performance index were reported to be 0.33 year^–1, 17.40 cm, –0.62 years and 2.0 respectively. Fishing mortality was found to be higher than the natural mortality. The exploitation ratio was reported to be 0.52 which was found to be lower than the exploitation rate producing maximum yield (0.81). This is suggestive of an underexploited state of fishery of C. diplochilus from this lake.

References

Adeeb S, Fadzly N, Md Sah ASR (2014) Population dynamics of bigeye scad, Selar crumenophthalmus in Bangaa Faru, Maldives. Journal of Marine Biology & Oceanography 3(3): 1–4.

Al Nahdi A, Garcia de Leaniz C, King AJ (2016) Spatio-temporal variation in length-weight relationships and condition of the ribbonfish Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758): implications for fisheries management. PloS one 11(8): e0161989.

Allen MS, Hightower JE (2010) Fish population dynamics: mortality, growth, and recruitment (pp. 43–79). In: Hubert WA, Quist MC (Eds) Inland fisheries management in North America, third edition. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Allendorf FW, Phelps SR (1980) Loss of genetic variation in a hatchery stock of cutthroat trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 109(5): 537–543.

Anene A (2005) Condition factor of four Cichlid species of a man-made lake in Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 5(1): 43–47.

Arafat MY, Bakhtiyar Y (2022) Length-weight relationship, growth pattern and condition factor of four indigenous cypriniform Schizothorax species from Vishav Stream of Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of Fisheries 10(1): 101202.

Barnham CA, Baxter AF (1998) Condition factor, K, for salmonid fish. Fisheries Notes 5: 1–3.

Beverton RJH, Holt SJ (1993) On the dynamics of exploited fish populations, volume 11, Springer, Dordrecht. 538 pp.

Beverton RJH, Holt SJ (1966) Manual of methods for fish stock assessment part II tables of yield function. FAO fish biology technical paper 38(4): 10.

Bhakta D, Das BK, Singh U, Ray A, Johnson C, ... Jha DN (2023) Fishery, growth, mortality, and stock assessment of endangered Tor putitora from Tehri Dam Reservoir, Uttarakhand, Himalayan foothills of India in relation to environmental variables. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 195(11): 1377.

Bhat AA, Arafat MY, Parveen M, Bakhtiyar Y (2022) Comparative account on the length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of six cyprinid fishes from Dal Lake, Kashmir. Journal of Fisheries 10(3): 103202.

Camp E, Collins AB, Ahrens RN, Lorenzen K (2020) Fish Population Recruitment: what recruitment means and why it matters. EDIS 2020(2): 1–6.

Dadzie S, Abou‐Seedo F, Moreau J (2007) Population dynamics of Parastromateus niger in Kuwaiti waters as assessed using length–frequency analysis. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23(5): 592–597.

Etim L, Sankare Y, Brey T, Arntz W (1998) The dynamics of unexploited population of Corbula trigona (Bivalvia Corbulidae) in a brackish-water lagoon, Cote d'Ivoire. Archive of Fishery and Marine Research 46: 253–262.

Froese R (2006) Cube law, condition factor and weight–length relationships: history, meta‐analysis and recommendations. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22(4): 241–253.

Froese R, Pauly D (2024) FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication (accessed on 10 August 2024).

Fulton TW (1904) The rate of growth of fishes. Twenty-second annual report, part III. Fisheries Board of Scotland, Edinburgh 1904(3): 141–241.

Ganaie TA, Hashia H (2020) Lake sustainability and role of houseboats: impact of solid waste and sewage of houseboats on the ecology of Dal Lake (pp. 341–357). In: Sahdev S, Singh R, Kumar M (Eds) Geoecology of landscape dynamics. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Singapore.

Gayanilo FC, Sparre P, Pauly D (2005) FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools II (FiSAT II): user’s guide. FAO Computerized Information Series (Fisheries) No. 8, Revised version, Rome. 168 pp.

Gebremedhin S, Bruneel S, Getahun A, Anteneh W, Goethals P (2021) Scientific methods to understand fish population dynamics and support sustainable fisheries management. Water 13(4): 574.

Hashemi S, Ghorbani R, Kaymaram F, Hossini S, Eskandary G, Hedayati A (2014) Population dynamic parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the Shadegan Wetland, Iran. Applied Science Reports 8(3): 179–184.

Hixon MA, Cinner JE, Feary DA, Green AL, Hamilton RJ, ... Jupiter SD (2016) Reef fish ecology, conservation, and fisheries: the scientific legacy of Glenn Almany (pp. 159–168). In: Proceedings of the 13th International Coral Reef Symposium, Honolulu.

Isaac VJ (1990) The accuracy of some length-based methods for fish population studies (volume 27). WorldFish, Manila, Philippine.

Jisr N, Younes G, Sukhn C, El-Dakdouki MH (2018) Length-weight relationships and relative condition factor of fish inhabiting the marine area of the Eastern Mediterranean city, Tripoli-Lebanon. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 44(4): 299–305.

Khan JA, Gavali RS, Shouche YS (2012) Exploring present status of hydrochemistry and sediment chemistry of Dal Lake, Kashmir and effect of anthropogenic, disturbances on it. Indian Journal of Innovations and Developments 1(7): 554–571.

Kindong R, Gao C, Dai X, Tian S, Wu F (2018) Population dynamic parameters for Cyprinus carpio in Dianshan Lake. Thalassas 34: 279–288.

Kullander SO, Fang F, Delling B, Ahlander E (1999) The fishes of the Kashmir valley (pp. 99–167). In: Nyman L (Ed) River Jhelum, Kashmir Valley. Impacts on the Aquatic Environment. Swedmar, Göteborg.

Kumari S, Sarka UK, Mandhir SK, Lianthuamluaia L, Panda D, ... Puthiyottil M (2018) Studies on the growth and mortality of Indian river shad, Gudusia chapra (Hamilton, 1822) from Panchet Reservoir, India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25: 33768–33772.

Kumolu-Johnson CA, Ndimele E (2010) Length-weight relationships and condition factors of twenty-one fish species in Ologe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2(4): 174–179.

Le Cren ED (1951) The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology 20(2): 201–219

Murugan S, Rahman MAU, Lyla PS, Khan SA (2014) Growth and Population dynamics of flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Parangipettai waters (Southeast coast of India). Thalassas 30(2): 47–56.

Mushtaq ST, Mushtaq SA, Bhat MH, Bhat FA, Farooq I (2016) Estimation of length-weight relationship and condition factor of Crossocheilus diplochilus (Heckel, 1838): a freshwater benthopelagic fish from Wular Lake in Kashmir Himalaya. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 4(6): 522–525.

Mutethya E, Yongo E, Laurent C, Waithaka E, Lomodei E (2020) Population biology of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 25(3): 326–333.

Nissar S, Bakhtiyar Y, Yousuf T, Bhat AA, Zuber SM (2024). Stock assessment of rosy barb, Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) in Dal Lake of Kashmir Himalayas. Journal of Fisheries 12(3): 123201.

Pauly D (1979) Theory and management of tropical multi species stocks: a review, with emphasis on the Southeast Asian demersal fisheries. ICLARM Studies and Review No. 1, International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philip pines. 35 pp.

Pauly D (1980) On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. ICES Journal of Marine Science 39(2): 175–192

Pauly D (1983) Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper. Rome. 52 pp.

Pauly D, Munro JL (1984) Once more, on the composition of growth in fish and invertebrates. Fishbyte World Fisheries Centre 2(1): 1–21.

Pauly D, Soriano ML (1986) Some practical extensions to Beverton and Holt’s relative yield-per-recruit model (pp. 491–496). In: Maclean JL, Dizon LB, Hosillos LV (Eds) First Asian Fisheries Forum. Asian Fisheries Society Manila, Philippines.

Rahman MAU, Mohanchander P, Lyla PS, Khan SA (2016) Growth and stock estimation of Greenback mullet, Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) from Parangipettai waters (Southeast coast of India). Thalassas 32: 43–50.

Rashid I, Romshoo SA, Amin M, Khanday SA, Chauhan P (2017) Linking human-biophysical interactions with the trophic status of Dal Lake, Kashmir Himalaya, India. Limnologica 62: 84–96.

Sharma NK, Mir JI, Pandey NN, Akhtar MS, Bashir A, Singh R (2014) Meristic and morphometric characteristics of Crossocheilus diplochilus (Heckel, 1838) from the Poonch Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. World Journal of Zoology 9(3): 184–189.

Sharma NK, Mir JI, Singh R, Akhtar MS, Pandey NN (2015) Length–weight relationships for eight fish species from the Ravi River, north‐western India. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 31(6): 1146–1147.

Sidiq M, Ahmed I, Bakhtiyar Y (2021) Length-weight relationship, morphometric characters, and meristic counts of the coldwater fish Crossocheilus diplochilus (Heckel) from Dal Lake. Fisheries and Aquatic Life 29(1): 29–34.

Simon KD, Bakar Y, Temple SE, Mazlan AG (2010) Morphometric and meristic variation in two congeneric archer fishes Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton 1822) and Toxotes jaculatrix (Pallas 1767) inhabiting Malaysian coastal waters. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 11(11): 871–879.

Sissenwine MP, Brown BE, Brenna-Hoskins J (1979) Brief history and the state of the arts of fish production models and some applications to fisheries of the Northern-Eastern United States (pp. 25–48). In: Climate and fisheries: Workshop Proceedings, Influence of Environmental Factors on Fisheries Production, Center for Ocean Management Studies, University of Rhode Island, Kingston.

Solim SU, Wanganeo A (2007) Phosphorus and nitrogen budgets: implication of calcite precipitation and N:P ratio in regulating chlorophyll a values. Lake and Reservoir Management 23(1): 1–10.

Sparre P, Venema SC (1998) Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Part 1. Manual, FAO Fisheries Technical paper, Rome. 306 pp.

Tesfaye G, Wolff M (2015) Stock assessment of fishery target species in Lake Koka, Ethiopia. Revista de Biología Tropical 63(3): 755–770.

Trisal CL (1987) Ecology and conservation of Dal Lake, Kashmir. International Journal of Water Resources Development 3(1): 44–54.

Tu CY, Chen KT, Hsieh CH (2018) Fishing and temperature effects on the size structure of exploited fish stocks. Scientific Reports 8(1): 1–10.

Vivekanandan E (2005) Stock assessment of tropical marine fishes. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

von Bertalanffy L (1960) Principles and theory of growth (pp. 137–259). In: Nowinsky WW (Ed) Functional aspects of normal and malignant growth, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Yongo E, Agembe S, Outa N, Owili M (2018) Growth, mortality and recruitment of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) in Lake Victoria, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 23(1): 17–23.

Yousuf T, Andrabi S, Bakhtiyar Y (2025) Water quality and stock assessment of Schizothorax niger (Alghad snowtrout) in Manasbal Lake, Kashmir Himalaya. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 197(54): 1–5.

Yousuf T, Bakhtiyar Y, Andrabi S, Wani GB (2023) Length-weight relationship and condition factor of seven fish species in Manasbal Lake, Kashmir, India. Croatian Journal of Fisheries: Ribarstvo 81(1): 13–22.

Zhan B (2005) Fishery resource assessment, third edition. China Agriculture Press, Beijing.