Traditional fish processing in Odisha, India
Abstract
The present study documents the traditional fish drying techniques used by the fisher folk communities of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India. Information on local knowledge and the use of different fish drying methods within the study area was collected from 72 fisher folk through semi-structured questionnaires, free interviews, informal conversations and direct observations. The results showed that sun drying was the most extensively used method for fish preservation. About 19.4% of the informants preferred to spread the fishes directly on earth, 34.8% on the mat, 5.5% on palm leaves, 29.2% over bamboo bars and 11.2% followed interlocking of snouts/jaws on bamboo sticks. Almost all the fish drying devices are handmade with bamboo, wooden pole and sometimes nylon threads following traditional technologies. The quality of the dry fish could be improved by educating fishermen on hygiene, sanitation, use of good water quality and raw materials for processing. In this context, the low-cost solar dryer can be constructed by using locally available materials, thus preventing contamination and dependence on weather conditions. The dry fish production can play a crucial role in socio-economic upliftment, employment generation and poverty alleviation particularly to women as they depend on it directly for their livelihoods.
References
Agarwal SR (1981) Trees, flowers and fruits in Indian folksongs, folk proverbs and folktales. In: Jain SK (Ed) Glimpses of Indian ethnobotany. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India. pp. 3–12.
Akintola SL (2015) Effects of smoking and sun-drying on proximate, fatty and amino acids compositions of Southern pink shrimp (Penaeus notialis). Journal of Food Science and Technology 52(5): 2646–2656.
Akintola SL, Fakoya KA (2017) Small‑scale fisheries in the context of traditional post‑harvest practice and the quest for food and nutritional security in Nigeria. Agriculture and Food Security 6: 34.
Alex T, Eagappan K (2017) An empirical study on the effect of spices and herbs in the shelf life of dried Indian Anchovy Fish. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 10(3): 1–7.
Ames G, Clucas I, Paul SS (1999) Post-harvest losses of fish in the tropics. Natural Resources Institute, Overseas Development Administration, London.
Anonymous (2019a) Fishery statistics. Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, Directorate of fisheries. 11.
Anonymous (2019b) District disaster management plan-2019. Bhadrak, Odisha. 9.
Anonymous (2020) Government of Odisha: district at a glance, 2020. Directorate of economics and statistics Bhubaneswar, Odisha. pp. 41–42.
Anwani S, Vaccaro I (2008) Lagoon ecology and social strategies: habitat diversity and ethnobiology. Human Ecology 36: 325–341.
Balachandran KK (1969) An accelerated method of hot air drying of fish. Fishery Technology 6(2): 124–128.
Balachandran KK (2001) Post-harvest technology of fish and fish products. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, India. pp.77–104.
Bazinet RP, Laye S (2014) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites in brain function and disease. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 15: 771–785.
Bennett A, Patil P, Kleisner K, Rader D, Virdin J, Basurto X (2018) Contribution of fisheries to food and nutrition security: current knowledge, policy, and research. NI Report 18-02, Duke University, Durham, NC. pp. 1–42.
Berkes F, Colding J, Folke C (2000) Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecological Applications 10: 1251–1262.
Bharda S, Desai AY, Kumar TR, Kumar TJ (2017) Production of different type of dry fish and its yield measurement at Veraval, Gujarat, India. Research Journal of Recent Sciences 6(7): 28–32.
Bhat TH, Rizwana, Balkhi MH, Bhat BA (2013) An investigation on the indigenous method of fish drying in Bandipora district of Kashmir valley. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences 3(3): 1927–1932.
Calder PC (2016) The role of DHA in the first 1,000 days. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 69 (suppl 1): 8–21.
CMFRI (2010) Marine fisheries census 2010. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi. pp. 1–503.
Cooke RD, Twiddy DR, Alan-Reilly PJ (1993) Lactic fermentation of fish as a low-cost means of fish preservation. In: Lee CH, Steinkraus KH, Allan PJ, Reilly AP (Eds) Fish fermentation technology. United Nations University Press, Tokyo. pp. 291–300.
Das DN, Roy B, Mukhopadhyay PK (2000) Survey on farmers practices of rice fish farming in deep water rice environment of West Bengal, India. Aquaculture 1(2): 125–139.
Das M, Rohit P, Maheswarudu G, Dash B, Ramana PV (2013) Overview of dry fish landings and trade at Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour. Marine Fisheries Information Service T&E Series 215: 3–7.
Davis A, Ruddle K (2010) Constructing confidence: rational skepticism and systematic enquiry in local ecological knowledge research. Ecological Applications 20: 880–894.
Dey SK, Hossain MR, Flowra FA, Sultana S, Akter R (2016) Study of traditional fish drying activities at Atrai upazilla of Naogaon district in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2(4): 646–655.
DiNicolantonio JJ, OKeefe J (2019) Dietary fats, blood pressure and artery health. Open Heart 6: e001035.
Drew JA (2005) Use of traditional ecological knowledge in marine conservation. Conservation Biology 19: 1286–1293.
Eschmeyer WN (2014). Catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Accessed at http://research.calcademy.org/research/ ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp.
Eyo AA (2001) Fish processing technology in the tropics. National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research, New Bussa, Nigeria. pp. 10–170.
FAO (2009) How to feed the world in 2050: insights from an expert meet of FAO. pp. 1–35.
FAO (2016) Global per capita fish consumption rises above 20 kilograms a year. Italy. Available at http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/421871/icode/. Accessed on 26 May 2020.
Flowra FA, Mohmud MS, Mondal RC (2012) Traditional fish drying activities and socio-economic status of dried fish processors of Chalan Beel area, Sirajganj, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Progressive Science and Technology 10(1): 65–68.
Flowra FA, Sen SC, Galib SM, Kamal MM, Islam SN (2010) Dry fish marketing in Rajshahi and Thakurgaon, Bangladesh. International Journal of BioResearch 1(5): 13–16.
Friday C, Scasta JS (2020) Eastern Shoshone and northern Arapaho traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and ethnobotany for Wind River reservation rangelands. Ethnobiology Letters 11(1): 14–24.
Froese R, Pauly D (eds.) (2015) Fish Base. World wide web electronic publication, version 08/2015. Accessed at http://www.fishbase.org.
Geethalakshmi V, Jeeva JC, Balasubramaniam S, Parvathy R, Nasser M (2012) Information and training needs of coastal fisher folk of Ernakulam district in Kerala. Journal of Global Communication 5(1): 9–15.
Horn SS, Sonesson AK, Krasnov A, Moghadam H, Hillestad B, ... Ruyter B (2019) Individual differences in EPA and DHA content of Atlantic salmon are associated with gene expression of key metabolic processes. Scientific Reports 9: 3889.
Huntington HP (2000) Using traditional ecological knowledge in science: methods and applications. Ecological Applications 10(5): 1270–1274.
Immaculate K, Sindujam P, Velammal A, Patterson J (2013) Quality and shelf life status of salted and sun dried fishes of Tuticorin fishing villages in different seasons. International Food Research Journal 20(4): 1855–1859.
Jain D, Pathare PB (2007) Study the drying kinetics of open sun drying of fish. Journal of Food Engineering 78(4): 1315–1319.
Jain SK (1987) Glimpses of Indian ethnobotany. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. pp. 231–241.
Jayaram KC (2010) The freshwater fishes of the Indian region. Revised 2nd edition. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi.
Kallon A, Lebbie A, Sturm, B, Garnett T, Wadsworth R (2017) Comparative studies of fish smoking and solar drying in the Sierra Leone artisanal fishing industry. Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research 8(3): 40–48.
Kawarazuka N, Bene C (2011) The potential role of small fish species in improving micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries: building evidence. Public Health Nutrition 14: 1927–1938.
Khader V (2013) Socio-economic empowerment of fisherwomen in southern states of India. Fish Technology 50: 258–264.
Kumar BG, Datta KK (2009) Impact of science and technology on Indian fisheries sector in India Science & Technology 2008. In: Banerjee P (Ed) India science and technology 2008. New Delhi, National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS). pp. 319–321.
Liyasu AH, Onu JI, Midau A, Fintan JS (2011) Economics of smoked and dried fish marketing in Yola North and South local Government areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Sciences 7: 13–16.
Lynch AJ, Cooke SJ, Deines AM, Bower SD, Bunnell DB, Cowx IG, ... Beard Jr TD (2016) The social, economic, and environmental importance of inland fish and fisheries. Environmental Reviews 24 (2): 115–121.
Madan MS, Radhakrishnan K, Ranjith L, Narayanakumar R, Aswathy N, Kanthan KP (2018) Economics and marketing of dry fish production in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian Journal of Fisheries 65(4): 135–141.
Martin GJ (1995) Ethnobotany, a methods manual. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 102–104.
Mohapatra S, Patra AK (2012) Studies of fish landing census of Bay of Bengal at Puri Sea shore in Odisha. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 2(12): 1–7.
Mustapha MK, Ajibola TB, Salako AF, Ademola SK (2014) Solar drying and organoleptic characteristics of two tropical African fish species using improved low‐ cost solar driers. Food Science and Nutrition 2(3): 244–250.
Nagwekar N, Tidke V, Thorat BN (2017) Microbial and biochemical analysis of dried fish and comparative study using different drying methods. Drying Technology 35(12): 1481–1491.
Nayak L, Das S, Behera DP (2012) Impact of beach erosion on the socio-economic condition of fisher folk of Podampeta village, Odisha, (India). Journal of Environmental Research and Development 7(1A): 561–568.
Needham S, Funge-Smith SJ (2014) The consumption of fish and fish products in the Asia-Pacific region based on household surveys. RAP Publication, 2015/12, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. 87pp.
NFDB (2020) About Indian fisheries. Available at http://nfdb.gov.in/aboutindian-fisheries.htm.
Obiero K, Meulenbroek P, Drexler S, Dagne A, Akoll P, ... Waidbacher H (2019) The contribution of fish to food and nutrition security in eastern Africa: emerging trends and future outlooks. Sustainability 11: 1636.
Pandey K, Shukla JP (2015) Fish and fisheries. Rastogi Publications, Meerut. 457 pp.
Patil PV, Taware SP, Kulkarni DK (2014) Traditional knowledge of broom preparation from Bhor and Mahad region of western Maharashtra, India. Bioscience Discovery 5(2): 218–220.
Patterson J, Kailasam S, Hermina Giftson H, Immaculate JK (2018) Effect of drying technologies on the biochemical properties of Stolephorus commersonnii. Food Quality and Safety 3: 153–158.
Payra P, Maity R, Maity S, Mandal B (2016) Production and marketing of dry fish through the traditional practices in West Bengal coast: problems and prospect. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 4(6): 118–123.
Prabhakar AK, Singh KK, Lohani AK, Chandniha SK (2019) Assessment of regional level long term gridded rainfall variability over the Odisha State of India. Applied Water Science 9: 93.
Rao DV (2009) A field guide to fishes (Chilika Lake, Odisha, East Coast of India). Vedams eBooks, New Delhi.
Robertson AI, Blaber SJM (1992) Plankton, epibenthos and fish communities. In: Robertson AI, Alongi DM, (Eds) Tropical mangrove ecosystems. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. pp. 173–224.
Rogers LK, Valentine CJ, Keim SA (2013) DHA supplementation: current implications in pregnancy and childhood. Pharmacological Research 70: 13–19.
Salampessy J, Kailasapathy K, Thapa N (2010) Fermented fish products. In: Tamang JP, K Kailasapathy K (Eds) Fermented foods and beverages of the world. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, New York. pp. 289–307.
Samad MA, Galib SM, Flowra FA (2009) Fish drying in Chalan Beel areas. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 44(4): 461–466.
Sethi SN, Sundaray JK, Panigrahi A, Chand S (2011) Prediction and management of natural disasters through indigenous technical knowledge, with special reference to fisheries. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 10(1): 167–172.
Sharma P, Kashyap D, Goswami UC (2013) Preparation and storage of salted and dried products of freshwater fish, Gudusia Chapra (Hamilton, 1822). The Bioscan 8(2): 455–458.
Shivaji C, Dilip D, Pandurang K, Kalimullah P (2015) Traditional methods of fish processing by fisher tribes in Godavari river basin, (MS) India. Science Research Reporter 5(2): 192–197.
Singh AK, Raghubanshi AS, Singh JS (2002) Medical ethnobotany of the tribals of Sonaghati of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 81(1): 31–41.
Solanki JB (2020) Different types of fish drying methods in Gujarat. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 8(1): 129–131.
Subasinghe R (2014) Fishing for development, background paper for session 3: green growth in fisheries and aquaculture. Available at https://www.oecd.org/tad/events/Fishing-for-development-2014-Session-3-GG-in-aquaculture.
Talwar PK, Kacker RK (1984) Commercial sea fishes of India. Handbook No. 4. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.
Tamang JP, Tamang N, Thapa S, Dewan S, Tamang BM, ... Kharel N (2012) Microorganisms and nutritional value of ethnic fermented foods and alcoholic beverages of North East India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 11: 7–25.
Tilami SK, Sampels S (2018) Nutritional value of fish: lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Reviews in Fisheries Science and Aquaculture 26(2): 243–253.
Tiwari GN, Sarkar B (2007) Greenhouse drying and other applications. Fundamentals of aquaculture greenhouse. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi. 93 pp.
Vega-Galvez A, Andres A, Gonzalez E, Notte-Cuello E, Chacana M, LemusMondaca R (2009) Mathematical modelling on the drying process of yellow squat lobster (Cervimunida jhoni) fishery waste for animal feed. Animal Feed Science Technology 151(3): 268–279.
Warren DM, Rajshekaran B (1993) Putting local knowledge’s to good use. International Agricultural Development 13(4): 8–10.
World Bank (2014) Fish to 2030: prospects for fisheries and aquaculture. Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, The World Bank, 1818 H. pp. 1–102.
Worm B, Hilborn R, Baum JK, Branch TA, Collie JS, ... Zeller D (2009) Rebuilding global fisheries. Science 325: 578–585.
Zeller D, Booth S, Pauly D (2007) Fisheries contribution to the gross domestic product: underestimating small-scale fisheries in the Pacific. Marine Resource Economics 21: 355–374.
Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
