Effect of dietary administration of the herbal additive siamweed (Chromolaena odorata) on growth performance and haematological changes in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

Adekunle Ayokanmi  Dada; Oladoye Francis  Sonibare

doi:10.17017/j.fish.95

Adekunle Ayokanmi Dada Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Ondo state, Nigeria
Oladoye Francis Sonibare Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria

Keywords: Herbal additive, Chromolaena odorata, Clarias gariepinus, feed utilization, growth performance, haematological change

Abstract

This work was conducted to study the effect of diets supplemented with different levels of aqueous extract of siamweed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf powder on growth performance, feed utilization and some blood parameters of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings in 2014 at the Federal University of Technology, Nigeria. Fingerlings of about 6.84-6.86 g were fed diets supplemented with four concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) of C. odorata leaf extract powder for eight weeks. The highest specific growth rate (0.96±1.16 % day^–1) and best food conversion ratio (2.87±0.26) were obtained in fish fed 0.5 g 100 g⁻¹ C. odorata leaf extract powder diet treatment. There were significant differences in fish carcass protein, lipid or ash content among the treatments (p<0.05). No differences occurred in white blood cells among the treatments (p>0.05) but there were greater improvement in the white blood cells of fish fed on dietary C. odorata leaf extract powder compared to the fish fed the control diet. The results suggest that dietary supplementation with C. odorata leaf extract powder improved growth rate, feed utilization, white blood cells and survival of C. gariepinus fingerlings.

References

Adewolu MA, Ademji CA and Adejobi AB (2008) Feed utilisation, growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) fingerlings cultured under different photoperiods. Aquaculture 283(1-4): 64-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.07.020

AOAC (2003) Official methods of analysis of AOAC International (17th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington,Virginia.

Baruah K, Norouzitallab P, Debnath D, Pal AK and Sahu NP (2008) Organic acids as non antibiotic nutraceuticals in fish and prawn feed. Aquaculture Health International 12: 4-6.

Brown ME (1957) Experimental studies on growth. In: Hoar WS and DJ Randell (Eds.) Physiology of fishes. Academic Press, New York. pp. 361-400.

Castell JD and K Tiews (1980) Standardization of Methodology in Fish Nutrition Research, Hamburg. Federal Republic of Germany, 21-23 March, 1979. EIFAC Technical Paper 36: 24.

Dada AA and Ikuerowo M (2009) Effects of ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola seeds on growth and haematology of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) broodstock. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4(4): 344-347

Dada AA and Oviawe NE (2011) The use of bitter kola Garcinia kola dry seed powder as a natural growth-promoting agent for African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. African Journal of Aquatic Science 36(1): 97-100. DOI: 10.2989/ 16085914.2011.559703

Ekenyem BU, Obih TKO, Odo BI and Mba FIA (2010) Performance of finisher broiler chicks fed varying replacement levels of chromolaena odorata leaf for soyabean meal. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9(6): 558-561

Fagbenro OA and Adebayo OT (2005) A review of the animal and aquafeed industries in Nigeria. In: Moel J, Halwart M (eds), A synthesis of the formulated animal and aquafeed industry in sub-Saharan Africa. CIFA Occasional Paper No. 26.

Hannifa MA and Margaret IV (2014) Effect of dietary administration of the herbal additive Phyllanthus niruri on growth performance and haematological changes in striped snakehead. World Aquaculture 45(3): 66-68

Immanuel G, Uma RP, Iyapparaj P, Citarasu T, Peter SM, Babu MM and Palavesam A (2009) Dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Fish Biology 74(7): 1462-1475. DOI: 10.1111/ j.1095–8649.2009.02212x

Ji S, Takaoka O, Jeong G, Lee S, Ishumaru K, Seoka M and Takii K (2007) Dietary medicinal herbs improve growth and some non-specific immunity of red sea bream Pagrus major. Fisheries Science. 73(1): 63-69. DOI: 10.1111/j.1444–2906.2007.01302x

Kim DS, Noah CH, Jung SW and Jo JY (1998) Effect of Obosan supplemented diet on growth, feed conversion ratio and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Aquaculture 11: 83-90

Ling SK, Pisar MM and Man S (2007) Platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding antagonist activity of the methanol extracts and isolated flavonoids from Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 30(6): 1150-1152.

Miller DS and AE Bender (1955) The determination of net protein utilization by a shortened method. British Journal of Nutrition 9: 382-388

Pakravan S, Hajimoradloo A and Ghorbani R (2011) Effect of dietary willow herb, Epilobium hirsutum extract on growth performance, body composition, haematological parameters and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge on common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture Research 43: 861-869. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365 – 2109.2011.02901.x

Phan TT, Hughes MA and Cherry GW (2001) Effects of an aqueous extract from the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (Eupolin) on the proliferation of human keratinocytes and on their migration in an in vitro model of reepithelialization. Wound Repair and Regeneration 9(4): 305-313. DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475X.2001.00305.x

Sankar G, Elavarasi A, Sakkaravarthi K and Ramamoorthy K (2011) Biochemical Changes and Growth Performance of Black Tigher Shrimp Larvae after using Ricinus communis extract as Feed additive. International Journal of PharmTech Research 3(1): 201-208

Sayed SH, Zakaria A, Mohamed GA and Mohamed KK (2011) Use of probiotics as growth promoter, anti-bacterial and their effects on the physiological parameters and immune response of Oreochromis niloticus Lin. fingerlings. Journal of the Arabian Aquaculture Society 6(2): 201-222

Soosean C, Marimuthu K, Sudhakaran S and Xavier R (2010) Effect of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) extracts as a feed additive on growth and hematological parameters of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 14: 605-611

Svobodova Z, Ravds D and Palackova J (1991) Unified methods of haematological examination of fish. Arlington, Virginia: Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology.

Taleb-contini SH, Kanashiro A, Kabeya LM, Polizello ACM, Lucisano-valim Y and Oliveira DCR (2006) Immunomodulatory effects of methoxylated flavonoids from two Chromolaena species: structure-activity relationships. Phytotherapy Research 20(7): 573-575.

Turan F and Akyurt I (2005) Effects of red clover extract on growth performance and body composition of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Fisheries Science 71(3): 618-620

Turan F, Mazlum Y, Yıldırım BY and Gezer A (2012) Use of Dietary Pelargonium sidoides Extract to Improve Growth and Body Composition of Narrow-Clawed Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823 Juveniles. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 12: 233-238. DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712- v12_2_06

Vital PG (2008) Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (Lf.) King & Robinson and Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr. extracts. [MS Thesis] Quezon City, Philippines: University of the Philippines, Diliman. (Available at the UPD Library)

Vital PG and Rivera WL (2009) Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (Lf.) King & Robinson and Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr. extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3(7): 511-518.

Viveen WJAR, Richter CJJ, Van Oordt PG, Janssen JAL, Huisman EA (1986) Practical manual for the culture of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The Hague, Netherlands: Section for Research and Technology, Agricultural University of Wageningen.

Winberg GG (1956) Role of metabolism and food Requirement of fishes. Belorussian State University, Minsk. (Translated from Russian by Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada Translation Service; 194: 202.