The blue economy paradigm: livelihood viability of fisherfolk through coastal tourism
Abstract
Coastal tourism is increasingly recognized as a vital component of the global 'blue economy', offering a critical pathway for traditional fishing communities to diversify their livelihoods amid mounting economic and environmental pressures. To understand this dynamic, this study investigates the occupational transition of 120 coastal fisherfolk into the tourism sector across two states in India. Analyzing socio-economic profiles and transition patterns, the research highlights a significant occupational shift, with 85.8% of respondents now identifying tourism as their primary income source. Demographically, the participants are predominantly middle-aged males with low educational attainment and modest living conditions. Fisherfolk strongly favor tourism over traditional fishing, citing lower physical strain, reduced risk, and more stable earnings. Consequently, this transition has led to a marked reduction in fishing labor hours and a significant income boost, with median annual tourism earnings reaching ₹252,000 (~USD 2610). Furthermore, data models reveal that a willingness to step away from traditional fishing is the strongest predictor of transition readiness. Despite these positive economic outcomes, the occupational shift is hindered by several major constraints. Disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic, high initial investments, strong competition from established operators, poor infrastructure, and adverse weather conditions remain significant challenges. Ultimately, while tourism is increasingly central to diversifying coastal livelihoods and reducing heavy physical labor, ensuring its sustainability requires targeted interventions. Stronger institutional support, comprehensive skill development, and accessible financial mechanisms are essential to secure equitable, long-term benefits for these coastal communities.
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