Effects of C/N controlled periphyton based organic farming of freshwater prawn on water quality parameters and biotic factors
Abstract
The effects of C:N controlled periphyton based organic farming of freshwater prawn on water quality parameters and biotic factors were investigated. The experiment had two treatments: T1 and T2 each with three replications. Stocking density was maintained at 20,000 juveniles ha-1. In T1, only commercially available prawn feed was applied and in T2, a locally formulated and prepared feed containing 24% crude protein with C:N ratio close to 20 was used, and maize flour and bamboo side shoots were provided for maintaining C:N ratio 20. Mean values of water quality parameters did not vary significantly (P>0.05) between treatments. Periphytic biomass in terms of dry matter, ash free dry matter (AFDM) and chlorophyll a showed significant difference (P<0.05) among different sampling months. Individual harvesting weight, individual weight gain, specific growth rates, gross and net yields of prawn were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T2 than T1. Therefore, it was concluded that freshwater prawn might consume periphyton biomass in C:N controlled periphyton based organic farming practices resulted a significantly (P<0.05) higher production of freshwater prawn than traditional farming.
References
Ahmed N, Allison EH and Muir JF (2010) Rice fields to prawn farms: a blue revolution in southeast Bangladesh. Aquaculture International 18: 555-574.
Alim MA (2005) Developing a polyculture technique for farmers’ consumption and cash crop. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. 192 pp.
APHA (1992) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water, 18th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 1268 pp.
Asaduzzaman M (2005) The potentials of organic farming of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Bangladesh. M.S. dissertation, Dept. of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 125 p.
Asaduzzaman M, Wahab MA, Verdegem MCJ, Haque S, Salam MA and Azim ME (2008) C/N ratio control and substrate addition for periphyton development jointly enhance freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii production in ponds. Aquaculture 280: 117-123.
Asaduzzaman M, Wahab MA, Verdegem MCJ, Benerjee S, Akter T, Hasan MM and Azim ME (2009b) Effects of addition of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and substrates for periphyton developments on pond ecology and production in C/N-controlled freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming systems. Aquaculture 287(3-4): 371–380. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.11.011
Asaduzzaman M, Salam MA, Wahab MA, Kunda M and Rahman MB (2006) Effects of control of C/N ratio by low-cost carbohydrate addition on water quality and pond ecology in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae nursing system. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research 10 (2): 82–92.
Asaduzzaman M, Wahab MA, Verdegem MCJ, Mondal MN and Azim ME (2009a) Effects of stocking density of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and addition of different levels of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus on production in C/N controlled periphyton based system. Aquaculture 286: 72–79.
Asaduzzaman M, Wahab MA, Verdegem MCJ, Adhikary RK, Rahman SMS, Azim ME and Verreth JAJ (2010) Effects of carbohydrate source for maintaining a high C:N ratio and fish driven re-suspension on pond ecology and production in periphyton-based freshwater prawn culture systems. Aquaculture 301(1-4): 37-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture. 2010.01.025
Avnimelech Y (2007) Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bio-flocs technology ponds. Aquaculture 264(1-4): 140-147. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.11.025
Azim ME and Little DC (2006) Intensifying aquaculture production through new approaches to manipulating natural food. CAB Reviews: in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 1, No. 062. 23 pp.
Azim ME Wahab MA, van Dam, Beveridge AA, Milstein MCM, Verdegem MCJ (2001) Optimization of fertilization rate for maximizing periphyton production on artificial substrates and the implications for periphyton-based aquaculture. Aquaculture Research 32, 749-760.
Bellinger EG (1992) A key to common algae: Freshwater, estuarine and some coastal species. The Institute of Water and Environmental Management. London 138 p.
Biggs BJF (1987) Periphyton. In: Henriques, P.R. (ed), Aquatic Biology and Hydroelectric Power Development in New Zealand. Oxford University Press pp. 192-206.
Boyd C and Zimmermann S (2000) Grow-out Systems - Water Quality and Soil Management. In: New, M.B. and W.C. Valenti (eds), Freshwater Prawn Culture: The farming of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. pp. 221-238.
Boyd CE (1979) Water quality in warm water fish ponds. Auburn University, Craftmaster Printers, Opelika, Alabama 359 p.
Boyd CE (1982) Water Quality Management for Pond fish culture. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1000 Amsterdam, The Netherlands 318 p.
Coyle SD, T Najeeullah and Tidwell JH (1996) Evaluation of naturally occurring organisms, distillery by-products, and prepared diets as food for juvenile freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 6: 57–66.
Crab RY Avnimelech Defoirdl T, BossierP and Verstraete W (2007) Nitrogen removal techniques in aquaculture for a sustainable production. Aquaculture 270: 1–14.
DoF (2014). National Fish Week (02-08 July) Compendium. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh 124 p.
Fair PH and Foftner AR (1981) The role of formulated feeds on natural productivity in culture of the prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Aquaculture 24: 233-243.
FAO (2009) Fishstat Plus (v.2.32) issued 02.03.2009. FAO, Rome.
Haque MR, Islam MA, Rahman MM, Shirin MF, Wahab MA and Azim ME (2013) Effects of C/N ratio and periphyton substrates on pond ecology and production performance in giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) polyculture system. Aquaculture Research, doi:10.1111/are.12270: 1-17.
Hasan MA (1998) Development of carp polyculture techniques with small indigenous fish species mola, Amblypharyngodon mola, chela, Chela cachius and punti, Puntius sophore. M.S. dissertation, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. 71 p.
Hossain MA, Siddique MAL and Miaje MAH (2000) Development of low-cost feed for culture of giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in ponds. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research 4(2): 127-134.
Kohinoor AHM, Wahab MA, Islam ML and Thilsted SH (2001) Culture potentials of mola, Amblypharyngodon mola; chela, Chela cachius and punti, Puntius sophore under monoculture system. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research 5(2): 123-134.
Kunda M, Azim ME, Wahab MA, Dewan S, Roos N and Thilsted SH (2008) Potential of mixed culture of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and self-recruiting small species mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) in rotational rice–fish/prawn culture systems in Bangladesh. Aquaculture Research 39: 506-517.
MacLean MH, Brown JH Ang KJ and Jauncey K (1994) Effects of manure fertilization frequency on pond culture of the fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 25(6): 601-611.
Mairs DF (1966) A total alkalinity atlas for marine lake waters. Limnology and Oceanography 11: 68-72.
Milstein A, Azim ME, Wahab MA and Verdegem MCJ (2003) The effects of periphyton fish and fertilizer dose on biological processes affecting water quality in earthen fish ponds. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68: 247–260.
New MB (1988) Freshwater prawns: Status of global aquaculture, 1987. NACA Technical Manual No. 6. A World Food Day Publication of the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia, Bangkok, Thailand 58 p.
Paul S (1998) Comparison between carp polyculture system with silver carp, Hypopthalmichthys molitrix. M. S. dissertation, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 85 p.
Pinder LC and Reiss F (1983) The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holactic region. In: Wiederholm, T. (ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region:Entomological Scandinavic Supplement, No. 19, pp. 293–437.
Rahman MA (2005) Production performance of overwintering juveniles of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii under monosex and mixed sex culture systems. M.S. dissertation. Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 95 p.
Rahman SMS, Wahab MA, Kunda M, Islam MA and Azim ME (2010) Density effects of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and catla Catla catla on the production system in all-male freshwater prawn–finfish polyculture ponds. Aquaculture Research 41(10): 456-466.
Tidwell JH and Bratvold D (2005). Utility of added substrates in shrimp culture. In: Azim, M.E, M.C.J. Verdegem, A.A. van Dam and M.C.M. Breveridge (eds), Periphyton: Ecology, Exploitation and Management. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. pp. 247-268.
Tidwell JH, Coyle SD, Sedlacek JD, Weston PA, Knight WL, Hill SJ, D’Abramo LR and MJ Fuller MJ (1997). Relative prawn production and benthic macroinvertebrate densities in unfed, organically fertilized, and fed pond systems. Aquaculture 149(3-4): 227-242. DOI: 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01452-4
Tidwell JH, Coyle SD, Van Arnum A and Weibel C (2002) Effects of substrate amount and orientation on production and population structure of freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 33(1): 63-69.
Uddin MM (2002) Effects of addition of small fish on pond ecology and production in polyculture. M.S. dissertation, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. 99 pp.
Uddin MS (2007) Mixed culture of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in periphyton-based ponds. Ph.D. dissertation, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. 208 pp.
Uddin MS, Azim ME, Wahab MA and Verdegem MCJ (2006) The potential of mixed culture of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) and freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in periphyton-based systems. Aquaculture Research 37(3): 241-247. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01424.x
Wahab MA, Ahmed ZF, Islam MA, Haq MS and Rahmatullah SM (1995) Effects of introduction of common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L), on the pond ecology and growth of fish in polyculture. Aquaculture Research 26: 619-628.
Wetzel RG (1983) Attached algal-substrata interactions: fact or myth, and when and how. In: Wetzel, R.G. (ed), Periphyton of Freshwater Ecosystems. Dr. W. Junk publisher, The Hague, the Netherlands pp. 207–215.
Wulff RE (1982) The experience of freshwater prawn farm in Honduras, Central Africa. In: New, M.B. (Eds), Giant Prawn Farming, Development in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, Vol. 10: Eslevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, Elsevier. pp. 445- 448.
